Humanity's Imprint

Revealing® Western Religions

Version 1.3

Copyright © 2001-2006 Thinking Strings, LLC

Table of Contents

Exploring Religion

What is Religion?

Goals: What is Religion?

Religion & Religions

One Reality or Many?

Defining Religion

Theoretical, Practical, Sociological

Religious Specialists

Religious Syncretism

Summary: What is Religion?

Types of Religions

Goals: Types of Religions

Eastern & Western Religions

Families of Religions

Ethnic & Universal

Theisms

The Ineffable

Atheism & Agnosticism

Summary: Types of Religions

Try It: Types of Religions

Studying Religion

Goals: Studying Religion

Why Is There Religion?

Functionalism

Theorists of Religion

Ways to Study Religion

Belief & Unbelief

Why Study Religion?

The Religious Quest

Summary: Studying Religion

Try It: Studying Religion

Judaism

Basic Principles of Judaism

Goals: Basic Principles of Judaism

Monotheism in Judaism

Iconoclasm in Judaism

The Chosen People

An Ethnic Religion

The Sacred in History

Orthopraxis

Jewish Theology

13 Principles of Faith

Summary: Basic Principles of Judaism

Try It: Basic Principles of Judaism

Cultural Context of Judaism

Goals: Cultural Context

A Minority Religion

Anti-Semitism

Ghettoes

Jews & Banking

Blood Libel

The Holocaust

Warsaw Ghetto

Survival of the Jewish People

Summary: Cultural Context

Try It: Cultural Context

Hebrew Scriptures

Goals: Hebrew Scriptures

Hebrew Bible

Torah

Prophets & Writings

Talmud

Midrash

Mishnah

Gemara

Page from the Talmud

Study, Learning, & Debate

Summary: Hebrew Scriptures

Try It: Hebrew Scriptures

Ancient History of Judaism

Goals: Ancient History of Judaism

A Herding People

Judaism & the Creation of the World

Covenant with Abraham

Jacob & His Sons

Jewish Patriarchs

The Exodus

Kingdom of Israel

Second Temple Period

The Diaspora

Summary: Ancient History of Judaism

Try It: Ancient History of Judaism

The Jewish Diaspora

Goals: The Jewish Diaspora

From Temple to Synagogue

Judaism Under the Roman Empire

Sephardim

Matriliny

Ashkenazim

Kabbalah

Shabbatai Tzvi

Hasidim

Beginnings of Reform Judaism

Summary: The Jewish Diaspora

Try It: The Jewish Diaspora

Judaism in America

Goals: Judaism in America

Jewish Migration to America

Reform Judaism

Orthodox Judaism

Conservative Judaism

Reconstructionist Judaism

Intermarriage

Summary: Judaism in America

Try It: Judaism in America

The State of Israel

Goals: The State of Israel

State of Israel

Theodor Herzl

Proposed Zionist Homelands

Jewish Immigration to Palestine

Creation of the State of Israel

State of Israel Today

Tensions Within Israel

Population of Israel

Western Wall

Summary: The State of Israel

Try It: The State of Israel

Jewish Practice

Goals: Jewish Practice

Jewish Prayer

Dressing for Prayer

Sh'ma

Shabbat

Reading the Torah

Laws of Kashrut

Levels of Jewish Observance

Summary: Jewish Practice

Try It: Jewish Practice

Jewish Holidays

Goals: Jewish Holidays

The Jewish Calendar

High Holy Days

Major Jewish Holidays

Passover

Shavuot & Sukkot

Simchat Torah

Hanukkah

Purim

Commemorative Holidays

Summary: Jewish Holidays

Try It: Jewish Holidays

Jewish Rites of Passage

Goals: Jewish Rites of Passage

Brit Milah

Baby Namings

Bar & Bat Mitzvah

Jewish Weddings

Mourning

Summary: Jewish Rites of Passage

Try It: Jewish Rites of Passage

Women in Judaism

Goals: Women in Judaism

Judaism as a Male-Dominated Religion

Matriarchs & Heroines

Women's Role in Judaism

Niddah

Marriage & Divorce in Judaism

Women Rabbis

Jewish Feminism

Summary: Women in Judaism

Try It: Women in Judaism

Christianity

Jesus

Goals: Jesus

Jesus's Early Life

Social Context for Jesus's Life

Jesus's Birth

What Jesus Taught

Jesus as a Jew

God, Jesus's Father

Jesus's Ministry

Jesus's Crucifixion

Jesus's Resurrection & Ascension

Summary: Jesus

Try It: Jesus

Early Christianity

Goals: Early Christianity

Jesus Movement as a Jewish Sect

Paul

The Gentiles

Doctrine of the Atonement

Early Spread of Christianity

Summary: Early Christianity

Try It: Early Christianity

Christian Scriptures

Goals: Christian Scriptures

Old Testament

New Testament

Establishment of the Canon

The Gospels

The Synoptic Gospels

John

The Acts of the Apostles

The Epistles

The Book of Revelation

Summary: Christian Scriptures

Try It: Christian Scriptures

After the Fall of Rome

Goals: After the Fall of Rome

Under the Roman Empire

Gnosticism

The Religion of the Empire

Augustine

Wrestling Over Christian Doctrine

The Byzantine Empire

First Schism in Christianity

Catholicism & Eastern Orthodoxy

Christian Monasticism

Summary: After the Fall of Rome

Try It: After the Fall of Rome

Medieval Christianity

Goals: Medieval Christianity

Medieval Monasticism

The Virgin Mary

Christian Pilgrimage

The Crusades

The Inquisition

The Muslim Triumph

Cultural Impact of the Crusades

Thomas Aquinas

On the Eve of Reformation

Summary: Medieval Christianity

Try It: Medieval Christianity

The Protestant Reformation

Goals: Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther

Luther's Theology

The Lutheran Church

John Calvin

Double Predestination

Henry VIII, King of England

The Radical Reformation

Witchcraft Persecutions

The Catholic Reformation

Summary: Protestant Reformation

Try It: Protestant Reformation

Christian Practices

Goals: Christian Practices

Diversity of Christian Practices

Sacraments

Baptism

Eucharist

Confirmation & Reconciliation

Marriage & Holy Orders

Unction

Christian Prayer

Christian Art & Music

Summary: Christian Practices

Try It: Christian Practices

Christian Holidays

Goals: Christian Holidays

The Liturgical Year

Advent

Christmas

Lent

Easter

Ascension

Pentecost

Saints' Days

The Assumption of Mary

Summary: Christian Holidays

Try It: Christian Holidays

Christianity in the 21st Century

Goals: Into the 21st Century

Christian Denominations

Revivalism

New Christian Denominations

Roman Catholicism in America

Religious Pluralism in America

The Ecumenical Impulse

Pentecostalism

Global Christianity

The Future of Christianity

Summary: Into the 21st Century

Try It: Into the 21st Century

Islam

The Life of Mohammed

Goals: Life of Mohammed

Religion in Ancient Arabia

Mohammed's Early life

The First Revelation

Mohammed & the Meccans

Night Journey

Hijrah

Islam Under Mohammed

Mohammed's Family

Summary: Life of Mohammed

Try It: Life of Mohammed

Islamic Texts

Goals: Islamic Texts

Quran

Biblical Figures in the Quran

Arabic & the Quran

Significance of the Quran

Quranic Recitation

Quranic Calligraphy

The Hadith

Sharia

Islamic Philosophy

Summary: Islamic Texts

Try It: Islamic Texts

Major Tenets of Islam

Goals: Major Tenets of Islam

Islamic Monotheism

No Original Sin

No Value Placed on Celibacy

Afterlife in Islam

Islam & Judaism

Islam & Christianity

The Prophet

People of the Book

Angels, Spirits, & Jinn

Summary: Major Tenets of Islam

Try It: Major Tenets of Islam

Islamic Religious Practices

Goals: Islamic Religious Practices

Five Pillars of Islam

Testimony

Prayer

Charity

Fasting

Islamic Pilgrimage

Jihad

Dietary Restrictions

Islamic Rites of Passage

Summary: Islamic Religious Practices

Try It: Islamic Religious Practices

History of Islam

Goals: History of Islam

Early Expansion

The Caliphate

Umayyad Dynasty

The Sunni/Shia Split

Shia Islam

Abbasid Dynasty

Later Islamic Empires

End of the Islamic Empires

Summary: History of Islam

Try It: History of Islam

Sufism

Goals: Sufism

Islamic Mysticism

Rabia al-Adawiyya

Controversies Over Sufism

Sufi Orders

Sufi Practices

Rumi

Sufism Today

Summary: Sufism

Try It: Sufism

Islamic Resurgence

Goals: Islamic Resurgence

Islam & the Modern World

Islamic States in the 20th Century

Modern Turkey

Modern Iran

Other Islamic States

Islamic Revivalism

Islamic Reform

Summary: Islamic Resurgence

Try It: Islamic Resurgence

Islam Around the World

Goals: Islam Around the World

Islam in Asia

Islam in Africa

Islam in Europe

Islam in America

African-American Islam

Summary: Islam Around the World

Try It: Islam Around the World

Women & Islam

Goals: Women & Islam

Role of Women in Islam

Women & the Prophet

Women in the Quran

Women in the Hadith

The Veil

Islamic Feminism

Summary: Women & Islam

Try It: Women & Islam

Religious Pluralism

The World's Religions

Goals: The World's Religions

Making Meaningful Comparisons

Universal & Ethnic Religions

Orthopraxis & Orthodoxy

Sacred Time

Founders, Prophets, & Teachers

Sex, Life, & Death

One God or Many?

Summary: The World's Religions

Try It: The World's Religions

New Religious Movements

Goals: New Religious Movements

Religious Change

Millennial Movements

Universalist Religions

Nature Religions

New Age Religions

Summary: New Religious Movements

Try It: New Religious Movements

Religion in the 21st Century

Goals: The 21st Century

The Secularization Thesis

Fundamentalism

Interreligious Dialogue

Women's Religious Leadership

Religion in Popular Culture

Looking Forward

Summary: The 21st Century

Try It: The 21st Century